Grammar: perfect tenses

English for Professional Purposes

Author

Affiliation

Ben Stanley

Department of Social Sciences, SWPS University

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets, using either present perfect, present perfect continuous, or future perfect tense. Choose the most appropriate tense based on the context.

1. Since the early 1990s, world trade __________ (grow) at a faster rate than world production.
2. By 2030, e-commerce __________ (transform) the retail landscape completely.
3. China __________ (become) the world’s largest exporter of manufactured goods.
4. Global companies __________ (struggle) to adapt to changing regulatory environments since the financial crisis.
5. Experts predict that by 2040, renewable energy __________ (replace) fossil fuels in most developed economies.
6. The process of globalisation __________ (accelerate) dramatically since the advent of the internet.
7. Many traditional manufacturing jobs __________ (disappear) from Western economies over the past three decades.
8. Economists believe that by the end of this decade, India __________ (overtake) several European countries in terms of GDP.
9. Developing nations __________ (increase) their share of global trade significantly since 2000.
10. The World Trade Organisation __________ (work) to reduce trade barriers since its formation in 1995.
11. By 2025, most multinational corporations __________ (establish) significant operations in emerging markets.
12. The gig economy __________ (change) traditional employment patterns over the past decade.
13. International investors __________ (shift) significant amounts of capital to Asian markets in recent years.
14. Experts predict that by 2035, automation __________ (eliminate) up to 30% of current jobs worldwide.
15. Since the beginning of globalisation, consumer prices __________ (fall) in many product categories.
16. The European Union __________ (negotiate) trade agreements with numerous countries since its inception.
17. By the end of this century, climate change __________ (alter) global agricultural production patterns significantly.
18. Multinational corporations __________ (adapt) their strategies to accommodate cultural differences for many decades.
19. Digital platforms __________ (revolutionise) how businesses connect with international customers.
20. Economic analysts predict that by 2050, several African nations __________ (develop) into major economic powers.