Finance vocabulary and reported speech
English for Professional Purposes
Finance of organisations
Vocabulary and grammar
Each question focuses on a concept relating to the finance of organisations. Choose the correct form of the word from the word bank below to complete each sentence. Some words have multiple possible forms.
| Revenue | Solvency ratios | Bond | Amortisation |
| Cash flow statement | Capital markets | Expenses | Valuation |
| Equity | Depreciation | Profitability ratios | Discounted cash flow |
| Assets | Working capital | Stock | Risk |
| Balance sheet | Income statement | Liabilities | Liquidity ratios |
Questions
The company’s accountant prepared a detailed __________ outlining sales, costs, and net income for the quarter.
Before investing in a new venture, analysts used a __________ model to estimate the potential value.
Long-term loans and outstanding accounts payable are both examples of __________.
Investors looking for regular income might be interested in purchasing a __________.
The __________ tracks sources and uses of cash from operating, investing, and financing activities.
When a company buys new manufacturing equipment, the cost is gradually allocated over time through __________.
A company’s patents and trademarks would be considered intangible __________.
__________ ratios help assess a company’s ability to quickly convert assets into cash.
The __________ provides potential investors with a picture of the company’s financial health at a particular moment.
Ongoing costs like salaries, rent, and utilities are classified as __________.
When a company’s __________ exceed its current liabilities, it has positive working capital.
Determining the fair market value of a business is the process of __________.
Companies can raise funds for expansion by issuing new __________ in the capital markets.
The total sales a company generates before any deductions are considered its __________.
__________ ratios are essential for investors to gauge a company’s efficiency in generating profits.
The risk-to-equity ratio is an example of a __________ ratio, indicating the company’s long-term debt management.
The residual value that would remain for owners after all debts are paid is known as __________.
The potential for unexpected losses due to market fluctuations is an example of financial __________.
The cost of a patent is spread over its useful life through a process called __________.
Companies often issue __________ to finance long-term projects or for expansion.
Reported speech exercise
Instructions
Convert the following direct speech sentences into reported speech, paying close attention to tense changes, pronouns, and any necessary reporting verbs. Make a the changes you have made as per the example below, and be prepared to justify your choices.
Example
Direct speech: “The company is planning to release its quarterly results tomorrow.”
Reported speech: The spokesperson announced that the company was planning to release its quarterly results the following day.
Changes:
Added reporting verb “The spokesperson announced that”
Present Continuous (“is planning”) → Past Continuous (“was planning”)
Time expression: “tomorrow” → “the following day”
Questions
“Acme has been investing heavily in its new product line.”
“We will see a significant impact on revenue in the next quarter.”
“The CFO was explaining their debt management strategy.”
“By this time next year, they might have entered two new markets.”
“Analysts had predicted a drop in share price, but it rebounded quickly.”
“The acquisition was a strategic move to expand their technology portfolio.”
“If sales projections hold, they should exceed last year’s profit.”
“There were rumours they were considering a stock split.”
“The CEO emphasised the importance of innovation during the conference call.”
“We’re expecting an announcement about their new partnership soon.”
“They wouldn’t have achieved this growth without consistent research and development investment.”
“Implementing this new accounting software has streamlined their reporting process.”
“The board is likely to approve the budget increase for marketing.”
“They’ve always prioritised maintaining healthy cash reserves.”
“I wish they would release more detailed financial projections.”
“Our financial performance today is stronger than ever before.”
“The quarterly report shows a 15% increase in revenue compared to last year.”
“I am confident we can meet our financial targets by December.”
“You must submit your expense reports by tomorrow to receive reimbursement.”
“My team and I have been analysing the market trends since January.”